How to devolve:

What Europe’s transitions teach a new Government

Britain is the most fiscally centralised country in the G7, with 95 per cent of tax raised centrally and most local spending arriving as grant from Whitehall. The case for changing this has been made many times. How to do it, in a way that is sustainable and politically viable, has not. This report draws on the lessons of six European countries that have decentralised, and applies them to Britain in 2026. It proposes a two-track approach: visible delivery by 2028 using powers that already exist, and structural reform, above all a Fiscal Devolution Act, legislated early and built to last. Two annexes follow: the equalisation design the second track depends on, and where this report sits in the existing literature.

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UK-EU Financial Services - an agenda for growth